What's the difference between baseload and dispatchable power?

As the UK transitions towards a lower-carbon energy system, the way electricity is generated is becoming increasingly important. Terms such as baseload power and dispatchable power are often used when discussing how the electricity grid is supplied – but what do they mean?

What is baseload power?

Baseload power refers to electricity generation that provides a consistent supply of electricity over extended periods, helping to meet the minimum level of demand on the grid.

Historically, coal and nuclear power have been important sources of baseload generation in the UK, while gas-fired power stations have provided both consistent generation and flexibility to meet changing demand.

Baseload does not necessarily mean a power station always operates at exactly the same output. Rather, it describes generation that can make a reliable, consistent contribution to electricity supply.

What is dispatchable power?

Dispatchable power refers to electricity generation that can be adjusted in response to changes in demand or grid requirements.

Examples include natural gas turbines, hydroelectric dams and diesel generators. Utility-scale battery storage can also provide flexible power by releasing stored electricity when needed.

This flexibility is increasingly important as the UK moves to using more wind and solar power, which can have a varied output depending on weather conditions. Dispatchable technologies can help balance the grid when electricity demand is high or renewable generation is low.

Is waste wood power baseload or dispatchable?

Energy generated from waste wood provides reliable baseload electricity, operating continuously regardless of weather conditions. In some conditions, biomass can also provide dispatchable power, meaning generation can be adjusted to meet electricity system needs, within a plant’s technical limits.

Why do baseload and dispatchable power matter?

A resilient electricity system needs a mix of generation technologies. Wind and solar will play an increasingly important role in reducing emissions, but consistent sources of electricity are also needed to help meet demand when renewable output fluctuates.

Understanding the difference between baseload and dispatchable power helps explain why a diverse energy mix is important as the UK continues to transition towards a more secure, reliable and lower-carbon electricity system.